Jakarta, Indonesia - August 14: Gas tanker in port Jakarta on August 14, 2019 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

ASEAN and the Middle East Crisis: Economic Vulnerability, Regionalism, and the Long History of External Energy Dependence

Middle Eastern crises have long acted as external audits of ASEAN’s economic model. From the 1973 embargo to current instability around Hormuz, each episode reveals…

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A black barrel of oil on dollar bills and arrow up. Concept of world prices increase for oil, diesel and gasoline.

The effects of US strike on Kharg Island on global oil prices

I. Introduction On 28 February 2026, the US and Israel carried out joint military strikes on Iran and killed Iran’s supreme leader Ali Khamenei. In…

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Yuan on the map of Africa. Chinese investment and trading, african economy, import and export

China’s Zero-Tariff Policy Toward Africa: Opportunity, Asymmetry, and the Imperative of Structural Reform

The Chinese government’s decision to grant zero-tariff treatment to imports from 53 African countries, effective from May 1, 2026, represents a significant shift in the…

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Farmer African girl walking in farm field in Chad N'Djamena travel, located in Sahel desert and Sahara. Hot weather in desert climate on the Chari river in Africa.

Financial Exclusion as a Catalyst of Human Insecurity: A Gender-Responsive Analysis of Climate Finance Policies in the Sahel Region.

Abstract Financial exclusion is not a mere symptom of poverty but a significant driver of insecurity. This paper presents a gender responsive analysis of the…

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Geopolitical Tension Concept with USA and Iran Flag Bomb Over Oil Refinery

If the US carries out military strikes against Iran, what will happen to global oil supply and global oil price?

I. Introduction Oil prices are climbing amid signs that the US may plan to launch military strikes on Iran, raising questions about the potential economic…

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INSTC, International North–South Transport Corridor, political map. Network for moving freight, with Moscow as north end and Mumbai as south end, replacing the standard route across Mediterranean Sea.

International North-South Transport Corridor: Geopolitical Implications and the Future of European Trade

Abstract The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a 7,200-kilometre multi-modal network connecting India, Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia, and Europe, offering a shorter and…

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