INSTC, International North–South Transport Corridor, political map. Network for moving freight, with Moscow as north end and Mumbai as south end, replacing the standard route across Mediterranean Sea.

International North-South Transport Corridor: Geopolitical Implications and the Future of European Trade

Abstract The International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a 7,200-kilometre multi-modal network connecting India, Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia, and Europe, offering a shorter and…

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Armenia and Azerbaijan conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Azerbaijan and Armenian flag on the cracked concrete wall with soldier. Armenian refugee

Understanding the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict. For the first time in centuries, there are no Armenians left in Artsakh.

1. Introduction to the conflict In the early 1920s Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), where the overwhelming majority of the population consisted of indigenous Armenians, was annexed to…

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The flags of the United States and Iran are both made of textures. Concept illustration depicting the conflict war between the United States and Iran. Basemap and background concept. double exposure.

If the US carries out military strikes against Iran, what will happen? Which scenarios will follow?

I. Introduction In late December 2025, mass protests erupted across Iran, driven by public anger over the deepening economic crisis. Initially led by bazaar merchants…

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The sharp rise in gold prices signals a strong bullish market trend.

The record gold price reflects a deeper problem than recent global instability

The price of gold has risen to over US$5,000 (£3,662) an ounce for the first time ever, after doubling in value over the course of…

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